![]() Scaffolds should be three-dimensional with a network of an interconnected pore structure and tunable sizes that depend on the kinds of cells. Scaffolds can be used for in vitro cultures of appropriate cells, which can be implanted into the body as a bio-implant after a suitable amount of time and can also be transplanted directly into the organism as a medium for the colonization of host stem cells. Currently, scaffolds are increasingly popular substitutes in TE. At present, regenerative medicine offers methods for treating various tissues, including the skin, musculoskeletal tissue, the liver, gastrointestinal tissue, nervous system tissue, and cardiovascular tissue and can even treat diseases such as diabetes. This is due to the combination of biological sciences and material engineering methods enabling the development and acquisition of biological substitutes. Therefore, regenerative medicine including tissue engineering (TE) is a promising domain of research that can offer not only tissues and organs for transplantation but can also provide new perspectives for the treatment of many diseases. Nonbiological components can cause particular problems, such as a lack of biocompatibility, the development of serious infections, and limited durability. Unfortunately, the main obstacles for organ transplantation are the deficit of donor organs and the necessity of lifelong immunosuppression. Many surgical strategies have been developed to ameliorate these problems, including the transplantation of artificial substitutes, such as joint prostheses, heart valves, kidneys, or even tissues and organs. ![]() Moreover, they are often exposed to damage as a result of injuries, accidents, and various diseases involving tissue dysfunction or devastating deficits. Most human tissues and organs have a limited capacity to properly self-regenerate. The last part of the article is focused on scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering that have been confirmed by undergoing preclinical and clinical tests. We also describe the hybrid materials that combine the advantages of both synthetic and natural polymers, which provide better properties for the scaffold. Then, the requirements for scaffolds in regenerative medicine, materials intended for membranes, and methods for obtaining them are briefly described. Initially, general information on articular cartilage and an overview of the clinical strategies for the treatment of cartilage defects are presented. This paper presents a review of the development of scaffolds from synthetic polymers and hybrid materials employed for the engineering of cartilage tissue and regenerative medicine. This is necessary for proper cell growth, which is associated with the adequate regeneration of cartilage. These scaffolds should meet the relevant requirements, including appropriate architecture and physicochemical and biological properties. ![]() A key for appropriate scaffolding is the assurance of a temporary cellular environment that allows the cells to function as in native tissue. Currently, many scaffolds are undergoing scientific and clinical research. Cartilage tissue is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies because of its limited regenerative potential. ![]()
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